Exception Handling :

• Whenever Exceptions occur in our program, it is highly recommended to handle it.
• Exception Handling doesn’t means repairing or handling an Exception. It means defining an alternative way so that rest of the program can continue. 
• When there will be some exception, it should be handle by the Programmer very carefully, for this we need to follow below steps :
  • Step 1 : Programmer should observe the statement very carefully and where may be a chance of exception, we need to put these statement under try block as below :

    • try { 
          statements;
          }

  • Step 2 : The Programmer should write the Catch block where he should display the exceptions detail to the user. So that he can understand what’s happen wrong. Catch block declaration looks like as below :

    • Catch(Exceptionclass ref) 
      {
         statements;
      }

  • Step 3 : Lastly Programmer should perform Clean up operations like closing the files or closing the connections or terminating the threads, etc. So for that purpose we need to use Finally block. This block will execute always in case of exceptions or in case of without exception. Below is an syntax for it :

    • finally { 
               statements;
              }

Example :

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Methods to Print Exception Information :

• Throwable Class defines the following below methods to Print Exception Information :
  1. PrintStackTrace()
     • This method prints Name of the exception and description both.
  2. toString()
     • This method also prints exception and description both.
  3. getMessage()
     • This method prints only description of the exception.

Example :

Try with Multiple Catch Block :

• Most of the times there is possibility of more than one exception can occur in our program, In this case Programmer should write multiple catch block for each of them as below :

Example :

• But sometimes, there is possibilities we don’t know which type of exception is going to throw our program. So in that case we can use as below, but it’s not recommended way. The above one is only recommended way to handle :

  • Catch (Exception e) { 
                          //default exception handler; 
                        }

Example :

Difference between final vs finally vs finalize :

1. Final : 
   • It is a modifier, which is applicable for Class, methods and variables.
     • If Class is declared as final, then child class creation is not possible here.
     • If Method is declared as final, then overriding of that method is not possible.
     • If Variable is declared as final, then we can’t change it’s value.
2. Finally : 
   • It is block, always use in exception handling with try-catch to maintain clean up code. 
   • In exception handling finally block will execute always whether exception raised or not.
3. Finalize() : 
   • It is a method, which is executed by Garbage Collector.
   • Garbage Collector execute this method before destroy any object for clean up activity.